Symmetric norms and spaces of operators

We show that if ( E , ∥ · ∥ E ) is a symmetric Banach sequence space then the corresponding space of operators on a separable Hilbert space, defined by if and only if , is a Banach space under the norm . Although this was proved for finite-dimensional spaces by von Neumann in 1937, it has never been established in complete generality in infinite-dimensional spaces; previous proofs have used the stronger hypothesis of full symmetry on E . The proof that is a norm requires the apparently new concept of uniform Hardy-Littlewood majorization; completeness also requires a new proof. We also give the analogous results for operator spaces modelled on a semifinite von Neumann algebra with a normal faithful semi-finite trace.

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