Rotating point spread function via pupil-phase engineering

A simple approach based on the use of a properly designed pupil-phase profile can yield a 3D point-spread function (PSF) that rotates with changing defocus, while keeping its transverse shape approximately invariant over ±3-4 waves of defocus. Unlike Gauss-Laguerre mode-based approaches, it generalizes readily for encoding spherical aberration too via PSF rotation.

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