Antiviral properties of breast milk: a new area of research

Human milk uniquely combines nutritional, immunological, enzymatic and hormonal properties. The properties of secretory IgA (sIgA) have been studied for more than half a century, the role of oligosaccharides has been studied for more than 30 years, and the importance of breast milk stem cells has been discussed for more than 10 years. Wide interest, including in connection with SARS-CoV-2-, HIV-, rota-, norо-, herpes- and other viral infections, was caused by various (more than 10 types) protective factors with antiviral activity present in human milk. This review discusses the properties and significance of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, oligosaccharides, lysozyme, cytokines as antiviral factors of both scientific and practical importance.

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