Methods for Mastering Homework in the Upper Classes

By studying the problem of independent work accomplished by eighth to tenth grades students in the course of the last three years, we set ourselves the task of making a psychological analysis of methods used by these students to memorize their class material while doing their homework. Various methods were used for treatment of this theme. In the first place, we used the method of selective observation of the pedagogic process. Such observations were conducted during the second semester of the 1955-56 school year in history, geography and natural history classes in the eighth to tenth grades at the Ryazan secondary school No. 4. These observations were continued in the same school: in history and geography classes in the ninth "d" grade, in history classes in the tenth "a", in anatomy and physiology classes — in eighth "a". Simultaneously, similar observations were conducted in two other Ryazan schools: in geography classes in the ninth "b" grade of the secondary school No. 2, in human anatomy and physiology classes — in the eighth "b" grade of the secondary school No. 12 and in classes on the principles of Darwinism (Darwin's theory) — in the ninth "a" grade of the same school. Special attention was paid in the course of these observations to the manner in which the schoolmasters teach their students methods of independent work during class. In the second place, compositions of students of advanced grades on the subject "On independent preparation of homework" written by the students of two eighth and two ninth grade classes of the school No. 4 were studied. In the third place, individual discussions were led after classes with the students of the eighth and ninth grades. And lastly, we studied experimentally independent work of 34 students in the eighth to tenth grades of Ryazan secondary schools No. 2, 4 and 12 (of these 34 students, 13 were boys and 21 girls). Special attention was paid in the course of the study of independent homework by the students to the elucidation of the methods of memorizing class material. At the same time, we tried to determine their concepts regarding the most rational methods of memorizing class material and how they utilize these methods in their homework.

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