The unprecedented optical outburst of the quasar 3C 454.3
M. VillataNational Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, ItalyC. M. RaiteriNational Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, ItalyT. J. BalonekFoggy Bottom Observatory, Colgate University, NY, USAM. F. AllerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, MI, USAS. G. JorstadInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, MA, USAO. M. KurtanidzeAstrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam, GermanyF. NicastroINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, ItalyK. NilssonTuorla Observatory, FinlandH. D. AllerDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan, MI, USAAkira AraiAstronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanA. A. ArkharovMain (Pulkovo) Astronomical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RussiaU. BachINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Italy e-mail: [email protected]E. BenítezA. BerdyuginTuorla Observatory, FinlandC. S. BuemiINAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, ItalyM. BöttcherAstrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, OH, USAD. CarosatiArmenzano Astronomical Observatory, ItalyR. CasasA. CauletWen-Ping ChenInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, TaiwanP. S. ChiangInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, TaiwanYi ChouInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, TaiwanS. CipriniDipartimento di Fisica e Osservatorio Astronomico, Università di Perugia, ItalyJ. M. ColomaGianluca Di RicoC. DíazDepartamento de Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense, SpainН. В. ЕфимоваAstronomical Institute, St.-Petersburg State University, RussiaChristi ForsythFoggy Bottom Observatory, Colgate University, NY, USAA. FrascaINAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, ItalyL. FuhrmannINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Torino, Italy e-mail: [email protected]Bryce GadwayFoggy Bottom Observatory, Colgate University, NY, USAS. GuptaAstrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, OH, USAV. A. Hagen‐ThornAstronomical Institute, St.-Petersburg State University, RussiaJohn G. HarveyAstrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, OH, USAJ. HeidtH. M. Hernández-ToledoFilip HrochInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Masaryk University, Czech RepublicChin‐Ping HuInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, TaiwanR. HudecAstronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech RepublicM. IbrahimovUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, UzbekistanAkira ImadaDepartment of Astronomy, Kyoto University, JapanMasakazu KamataAstronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanTakeo KatoDepartment of Astronomy, Kyoto University, JapanM. KatsuuraAstronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanT. S. KonstantinovaAstronomical Institute, St.-Petersburg State University, RussiaE. N. KopatskayaAstronomical Institute, St.-Petersburg State University, RussiaD. KotakaAstronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanY. Y. KovalevJansky fellow, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, WV, USAYu. A. KovalevJansky fellow, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, WV, USAT. P. KrichbaumMax-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, GermanyKaori KubotaDepartment of Astronomy, Kyoto University, JapanM. KurosakiAstronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanL. LanteriNational Institute for Astrophysics, Rome, ItalyV. M. LarionovIsaac Newton Institute of Chile, St.-Petersburg Branch, RussiaL. V. LarionovaAstronomical Institute, St.-Petersburg State University, RussiaE. LaurikainenDivision of Astronomy, University of Oulu, FinlandChung‐Uk LeeKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, South KoreaP. LetoINAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia Sezione di Noto, ItalyA. LähteenmäkiMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, FinlandOmar Lopez‐CruzInstituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Optica y Electrónica (INAOE), MexicoE. MarilliINAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, ItalyAlan P. MarscherInstitute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, MA, USAI. McHardySoumen MondalInstitute of Astronomy, National Central University, TaiwanB. MullanFoggy Bottom Observatory, Colgate University, NY, USAN. NapoleoneINAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, ItalyM. G. NikolashviliAbastumani Astrophysical Observatory, GeorgiaJ. OhlertSergey PostnikovAstrophysical Institute, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, OH, USAT. PursimoNordic Optical Telescope, Roque de los Muchachos Astronomical Observatory, TF, SpainM. RagniJavier RosKunihiko SadakaneAstronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanA. C. SadunUniversity of Colorado DenverT. SavolainenTuorla Observatory, FinlandЕ. А. СергееваCrimean Astrophysical Observatory, UkraineL. A. SiguaAbastumani Astrophysical Observatory, GeorgiaA. SillanpääTuorla Observatory, FinlandL. SixtovaInstitute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Masaryk University, Czech RepublicN. SumitomoAstronomical Institute, Osaka Kyoiku University, JapanL. O. TakaloTuorla Observatory, FinlandH. TeräsrantaMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, FinlandM. TornikoskiMetsähovi Radio Observatory, Helsinki University of Technology, FinlandC. TrigilioINAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, ItalyG. UmanaINAF, Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, ItalyA. E. VolvachRadio Astronomy Laboratory of Crimean Astrophysical Observatory, UkraineB. VoßInstitut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik der Universität Kiel, GermanyS. WortelFoggy Bottom Observatory, Colgate University, NY, USA
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Context.The radio quasar 3C 454.3 underwent an exceptional optical outburst lasting more than 1 year and culminating in spring 2005. The maximum brightness detected was , which represents the most luminous quasar state thus far observed ().
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