First observation of long-lived π+π− atoms
B. AdevaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainL. AfanasyevJINR, Dubna, RussiaA. AnaniaINFN, Sezione di Trieste and Messina University, Messina, ItalyS. AogakiIFIN-HH, National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaA. BenelliCzech Technical University in Prague, Czech RepublicV. BrekhovskikhIHEP, Protvino, RussiaT. ČechákCzech Technical University in Prague, Czech RepublicM. ChibaTokyo Metropolitan University, JapanP. ChliapnikovIHEP, Protvino, RussiaP. DoskarovaCzech Technical University in Prague, Czech RepublicD. DrijardCERN, Geneva, SwitzerlandA. DudarevJINR, Dubna, RussiaM. DūmaIFIN-HH, National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaD. DumitriuIFIN-HH, National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaD. FlueraşuIFIN-HH, National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaA. GorinIHEP, Protvino, RussiaO.E. GorchakovJINR, Dubna, RussiaK. GritsayJINR, Dubna, RussiaC. GuaraldoINFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, ItalyM. GugiuIFIN-HH, National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, RomaniaM. HansroulCERN , Geneva , SwitzerlandZ. HonsaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainShin HorikawaaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainYoshihisa IwashitaKyoto University , Kyoto , JapanV.V. KarpukhinaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainJ. KlusoňaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainM. KobayashiaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainV.V. KruglovaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainL. KruglovaJINR , Dubna , RussiaA. KulikovaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainE. KulishJINR , Dubna , RussiaA.V. KuptsovaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainA. LambertoINFN , Sezione di Trieste and Messina University , Messina , ItalyA. LanaroUniversity of Wisconsin , Madison , USAR. LednickýInstitute of Physics ASCR , Prague , Czech RepublicC. MariñasSantiago de Compostela University , SpainJ. MartincikaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainL.L. NemenovJINR , Dubna , RussiaM. NikitinaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainK. OkadaaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainV. OlchevskiiJINR , Dubna , RussiaV D OvsiannikovVoronezh State University , RussiaM. PentiaaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainA. PenzoINFN , Sezione di Trieste , Trieste , ItalyM. PlóSantiago de Compostela University , SpainP. PrusaaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainG.F. RappazzoaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainA. Romero VidalSantiago de Compostela University , SpainA. V. RyazantsevaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainV.I. RykalinIHEP , Protvino , RussiaJ. SaboridoSantiago de Compostela University , SpainJ. SchacherAlbert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics , Laboratory of High Energy Physics , Bern , SwitzerlandA. SidorovIHEP , Protvino , RussiaJ. SmolíkCzech Technical University in Prague , Czech RepublicF. TakéutchiKyoto Sangyo University , Kyoto , JapanL. TauscherBasel University , SwitzerlandT. TrojekaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainS. TrusovSkobeltsin Institute for Nuclear Physics of Moscow State University , Moscow , RussiaT. UrbanCzech Technical University in Prague , Czech RepublicT. VrbaCzech Technical University in Prague , Czech RepublicV. YazkovaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainY. YoshimuralM. ZhabitskyaSantiago de Compostela University, SpainP. ZrelovJINR , Dubna , Russia
2015en
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After observing and investigating the double-exotic (a double-exotic atom is a bound system, in which both oppositely charged components are unstable particles like μ , π , K , … ) π + π − atom with the ground state lifetime τ of about 3 × 10 − 15 s , the upgraded DIRAC experiment at the CERN PS accelerator observes for the first time long-lived states of the same atom with lifetimes of about 10 − 11 s and more. The number of characteristic pion pairs resulting from the breakup (ionisation) of long-lived π + π − atoms amounts to 436 ± 61 , corresponding to a signal-to-error ratio of better than 7 standard deviations. This observation opens a new possibility to measure energy differences between p and s atomic states and so to determine ππ scattering lengths.
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