Ancient cattle genomics, origins, and rapid turnover in the Fertile Crescent
Marta Pereira VerdugoSmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, IrelandVictoria E. MullinDepartment of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UKAmelie ScheuSmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, IrelandValeria MattiangeliSmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, IrelandKevin G. DalySmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, IrelandPierpaolo Maisano DelserSmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, IrelandAndrew J. HareSmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, IrelandJoachim BürgerPalaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iOME), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, GermanyMatthew J. CollinsUniversity of YorkRon Kehati448 Shvil Hachalav Street, Nir Banim 7952500, IsraelPaula HesseJewish Studies Program, Department of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USADeirdre N. FultonDepartment of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798, USAEberhard SauerSchool of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKAzadeh Fatemeh MohasebArchéozoologie et ArchéobotaniqueHossein DavoudiBioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, IranRoya KhazaeliBioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, IranJohanna LhuillierArchéorient Université Lyon 2, CNRS UMR 5133, Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, 69365 Lyon, FranceClaude RapinArchéologie et Philologie d’Orient et d’OccidentSaeed EbrahimiFaculty of Literature and Humanities, Islamic Azad University, 1711734353 Tehran, IranM. M. KhasanovUzbekistan Institute of Archaeology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, 703051 Samarkand, UzbekistanS. M. Farhad VahidiAgricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran-North branch (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, 4188958883 Rasht, IranDavid E. MacHughAnimal Genomics Laboratory, UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, IrelandO. ErtugrulVeterinary Faculty, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, TurkeyChaido Koukouli-ChrysanthakiHellenic Ministry of Culture and Sports, Department of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, and Museums, Serres 62 122, GreeceΑδαμάντιος ΣαμψώνDepartment of Mediterranean Studies, University of the Aegean, 85132 Rhodes, GreeceG. KazantzisArchaeological Museum of Aeani, 500 04, Kozani, Western Macedonia, GreeceIoannis KontopoulosBioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKJelena BulatovićDepartment of ArchaeologyIvana StojanovićInstitute of Archaeology, 11000 Belgrade, SerbiaAbdesalam MikdadInstitut National des Sciences de l‘Archéologie et du Patrimoine de Maroc (INSAP) Hay Riad, Madinat al Ifrane, Rabat Instituts, 10000 Rabat, MoroccoNorbert BeneckeDepartment of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute, 14195 Berlin, GermanyJörg LinstädterDeutsches Archäologisches Institut, Kommission für Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen (KAAK), 53173 Bonn, GermanyMikhail SablinZoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 199034 St Petersburg, RussiaRobin BendreySchool of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UKLionel GourichonUniversité Côte d'Azur, CNRS, CEPAM (UMR 7264), 06357 Nice, FranceBenjamin S. ArbuckleDepartment of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USAMarjan MashkourBioarchaeology Laboratory, Central Laboratory, University of Tehran, 1417634934 Tehran, IranDavid OrtonBioArCh, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UKLiora Kolska HorwitzNational Library of IsraelMatthew D. TeasdaleSmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, IrelandDaniel G. BradleySmurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
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from the Indus Valley. This process was likely stimulated at the onset of the current geological age, ~4.2 thousand years ago, by a widespread multicentury drought. In contrast to genome-wide admixture, mitochondrial DNA stasis supports that this introgression was male-driven, suggesting that selection of arid-adapted zebu bulls enhanced herd survival. This human-mediated migration of zebu-derived genetics has continued through millennia, altering tropical herding on each continent.
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