Clinical value of leishmania type identication by method of polymerase chain reaction

Skin leishmaniasis is a transmissible disease, endemic in countries with warm and hot climates. The increase in the incidence and the frequency of complications, the lack of modern diagnostics determine the relevance of the problem of therapy of the disease. The use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the best method of diagnosing leishmaniasis, since conventional methods (parasitological) are not sensitive enough.Objective — to evaluate the use of polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of type identification of pathogens of skin leishmaniasis.Materials and methods. The initial material for genetic analysis were swabs from epithelial tissues of the skin of the patient with skin leishmaniasis. The first step was identification of DNA of leishmania with determination of the DNA concentra­tion and clearness of DNA on the flowmeter. Next, allelespecific PCR was conducted to determine the type specificity of leishmanias. Examination of 40 samples of the biological material with skin leishmaniasis was performed. PCR was performed in regimen of real time (40 performances per every type of leishmania).Results and discussion. The performance of PCR in the regimen of real time provided identification of L. infantum in all 40 samples, while L. major and L. tropica were not registered. The isolation of L. infantum showed some epidemiological features connected to these clinical forms of the skin leishmaniosis, as well as allowed performing further type specific treatment, which will promote considerable increase of the general therapeutic effect in this disease.Conclusions. The investigations performed will allow the development of a more precise test, that is, a native panel of diagnosticums for identification of leishmania and its various types. The developed method of PCR-diagnosis in the real time may be used in the screening investigations of the population of the endemic zones of the republic.

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