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GRANDMA observations of advanced LIGO’s and advanced Virgo’s third observational campaign

S. AntierCNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie , Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, FranceS. AgayevaShamakhy Astrophysical Observatory named after Nasraddin TusiMouza AlmuallaPhysics Department , American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, UAESupachai AwiphanNational Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand, 260, Moo 4, T. Donkaew, A. Mae Rim, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandA. BaranskyAstronomical Observatory Taras Shevshenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str. 3, Kyiv 04053, UkraineK. BarynovaAstronomical Observatory Taras Shevshenko National University of Kyiv, Observatorna str. 3, Kyiv 04053, UkraineS. BeradzeSamtskhe-Javakheti State University, Rustaveli Str. 113, Akhaltsikhe, 0080 GeorgiaM. BłażekInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainM. BoërARTEMIS UMR 7250 UCA CNRS OCA, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 04, FranceО. БурхоновUlugh Beg Astronomical Institute, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Astronomy str. 33, Tashkent 100052, UzbekistanN. ChristensenObservatoire de la Côte d’AzurA. ColeiroCNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie , Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, FranceD. CorreLaboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-CurieM. W. CoughlinSchool of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAH. CrispARC Centre of Excellence for Gravitational Wave DiscoveryTim DietrichInstitut für Physik und Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Haus 28, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24/25, D-14476 Potsdam, GermanyJ-G DucoinIJCLab, Univ Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91898 Orsay, FranceP.-A. DuverneUniversité Paris-SaclayG Marchal-DuvalUniversité Paris-SaclayB. GendreSchool of Physics, OzGrav-UWA, University of Western Australia, M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, AustraliaP. GokuldassUniversity of the Virgin Islands , College of Science and Math, 2 John Brewer’s Bay, St. Thomas, VI 00802, USAH.-B. EggensteinVolkssternwarte Paderborn e.V. Im Schlosspark 13, D-33104 Paderborn – Schloss Neuhaus, GermanyL. EymarARTEMIS UMR 7250 UCA CNRS OCA, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 04, FranceP. HelloLaboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-CurieE. J. HowellSchool of Physics, OzGrav-UWA, University of Western Australia, M013, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, AustraliaН. З. ИсмаиловShamakhy Astrophysical Observatory named after Nasraddin TusiД. А. КаннInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainС. КарповFZU – Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicA. KlotzUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31400 Toulouse, FranceN. KochiashviliE. Kharadze Georgian National Astrophysical Observatory, Mt.Kanobili, Abastumani, 0301 Adigeni, GeorgiaC. LachaudUniversité Paris CitéN. LeroyLaboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-CurieWenbin LinPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaW. X. LiPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaM. MašekFZU – Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicJ. MoPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaRoger MénardUniversité Paris CitéDavid C. MorrisUniversity of the Virgin Islands , College of Science and Math, 2 John Brewer’s Bay, St. Thomas, VI 00802, USAK. NoysenaUniversité Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31400 Toulouse, FranceN. Brice OrangeM. ProuzaFZU – Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech RepublicRonnakrit RattanamalaDepartment of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandT. SadibekovaCNRS, CEA, Département d’Astrophysique, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation de Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceDenis Saint-GelaisCNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie , Université de Paris, F-75013 Paris, FranceM. SerrauLaboratoire AstroParticule et CosmologieA. SimonAstronomy and Space Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., Kyiv 01601, UkraineC. StachieARTEMIS UMR 7250 UCA CNRS OCA, Boulevard de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, F-06304 Nice CEDEX 04, FranceC. C. ThöneInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainYusufjon TillayevNational University of Uzbekistan, 4 University str., Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanD. TurpinAstrophysique, Instrumentation et ModélisationA. de Ugarte PostigoInstituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, E-18008 Granada, SpainV. VasylenkoAstronomy and Space Physics Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 60 Volodymyrska str., Kyiv 01601, UkraineZ. VidadiN. Tusi Shamakhy Astrophysical Observatory Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, settl.Mamedaliyev, AZ 5626, Shamakhy, AzerbaijanM. WąsUniversité Grenoble AlpesX.F. WangPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, ChinaJ. J. ZhangYunnan Astronomical Observatories/Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650011, ChinaT M ZhangNational Astronomical Observatories/Chinese Academy of Science 20A Datun Road, Beijing 100012, ChinaX.H. ZhangPhysics Department and Astronomy Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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ABSTRACT GRANDMA (Global Rapid Advanced Network Devoted to the Multi-messenger Addicts) is a network of 25 telescopes of different sizes, including both photometric and spectroscopic facilities. The network aims to coordinate follow-up observations of gravitational-wave (GW) candidate alerts, especially those with large localization uncertainties, to reduce the delay between the initial detection and the optical confirmation. In this paper, we detail GRANDMA’s observational performance during Advanced LIGO/Advanced Virgo Observing Run 3 (O3), focusing on the second part of O3; this includes summary statistics pertaining to coverage and possible astrophysical origin of the candidates. To do so, we quantify our observation efficiency in terms of delay between GW candidate trigger time, observations, and the total coverage. Using an optimized and robust coordination system, GRANDMA followed-up about 90 per cent of the GW candidate alerts, that is 49 out of 56 candidates. This led to coverage of over 9000 deg2 during O3. The delay between the GW candidate trigger and the first observation was below 1.5 h for 50 per cent of the alerts. We did not detect any electromagnetic counterparts to the GW candidates during O3, likely due to the very large localization areas (on average thousands of degrees squares) and relatively large distance of the candidates (above 200 Mpc for 60 per cent of binary neutron star, BNS candidates). We derive constraints on potential kilonova properties for two potential BNS coalescences (GW190425 and S200213t), assuming that the events’ locations were imaged.

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