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Genetic Continuity of Bronze Age Ancestry with Increased Steppe-Related Ancestry in Late Iron Age Uzbekistan

Vikas KumarShanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, ChinaE. Andrew BennettInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyDongyue ZhaoSchool of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaYun LiangSchool of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaYunpeng TangSchool of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaMeng RenSchool of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaQinyan DaiInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyXiaotian FengKey Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaPeng CaoKey Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaRuowei YangInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyFeng LiuKey Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaWanjing PingInstitute of Vertebrate Paleontology and PaleoanthropologyMing ZhangUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesManyu DingUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesMelinda A. YangDepartment of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USAAmridin BerdimurodovInstitute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Samarkand, UzbekistanHasanov MuttalibInstitute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Samarkand, UzbekistanJianxin WangSchool of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an, ChinaQiaomei FuShanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, China

Molecular Biology and Evolutionjournal2021en

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Litsenziya: cc-by-nc

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Annotatsiya

Although Uzbekistan and Central Asia are known for the well-studied Bronze Age civilization of the Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC), the lesser-known Iron Age was also a dynamic period that resulted in increased interaction and admixture among different cultures from this region. To broaden our understanding of events that impacted the demography and population structure of this region, we generated 27 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism capture data sets of Late Iron Age individuals around the Historical Kushan time period (∼2100-1500 BP) from three sites in South Uzbekistan. Overall, Bronze Age ancestry persists into the Iron Age in Uzbekistan, with no major replacements of populations with Steppe-related ancestry. However, these individuals suggest diverse ancestries related to Iranian farmers, Anatolian farmers, and Steppe herders, with a small amount of West European Hunter Gatherer, East Asian, and South Asian Hunter Gatherer ancestry as well. Genetic affinity toward the Late Bronze Age Steppe herders and a higher Steppe-related ancestry than that found in BMAC populations suggest an increased mobility and interaction of individuals from the Northern Steppe in a Southward direction. In addition, a decrease of Iranian and an increase of Anatolian farmer-like ancestry in Uzbekistan Iron Age individuals were observed compared with the BMAC populations from Uzbekistan. Thus, despite continuity from the Bronze Age, increased admixture played a major role in the shift from the Bronze to the Iron Age in southern Uzbekistan. This mixed ancestry is also observed in other parts of the Steppe and Central Asia, suggesting more widespread admixture among local populations.

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Forensic and Genetic Research Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies Archaeology and ancient environmental studies

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DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab216

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