MODERN APPROACHES TO THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION

A review of modern literature on the issues of conservative and surgical treatment of acute intestinal obstruction(AIO) is presented. There have been published data on the efficacy and safety of the administration of watersoluble contrast agents, which correlates with a significant decrease in the need for surgical intervention inpatients with adhesive small bowel obstruction, as well as with a significant reduction in the time for resolvingAIO and the length of hospital stay. With volvulus of the sigmoid colon, the use of colonoscopy allows not onlyto assess the viability of the intestine, but also to achieve its detorsion, the effectiveness of which ranges from70 to 95%, and the frequency of complications does not exceed 4%. In the arsenal of conservative treatment ofcolonic obstruction, self-expanding metal stents are also used, which are preferred over colostomy. In recentdecades, the laparoscopic method of adhesiolysis was introduced, which helped to reduce the incidence ofpostoperative complications in patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction.

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