Pharmacotherapeutic Treatment Strategies COVID-19: Lessons Learned and Perspectives

The pandemic emergency has created an urgent need to find suitable drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Numerous drug trials have been conducted; however, effective and affordable treatments have not been found. The study aimed to find ways out of the current situation based on a better understanding of events, based on an analysis of the causes of the difficulties encountered on this issue. The study analyzed articles based on the results of COVID-19 treatment identified in PubMed, Clinical key, ScienceDirect, World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Google Scholar’s online libraries. This review summarizes and critically analyzes the information accumulated over the pandemic on the efficacy of drugs for the treatment of COVID-19 and the reasons for the inconsistency in the results of clinical trials on repurposed drugs, and the role of mutations in new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, in reducing the effectiveness of vaccination and treatment, and determining the possibility of overcoming them in the future. Recent achievements in finding effective ways to combat viral pandemics are shown. According to the results of clinical trials, only remdesivir and sotrovimab have been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19. The prospects in the fight against COVID-19 are the creation of new antiviral drugs, such as cyanorone-20 and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), and a proactive strategy for the development of drugs against viral pathogens, which are based on cocktails of panvirus drugs for oral and inhalation administration.

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