THE IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNIZATION AS A PREVENTIVE MEASURE IN THE FIGHT AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS

Introduction.Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious granulomatous disease caused by the human type of bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis.TB infection begins when mycobacteria reach the pulmonary alveoli, where they penetrate and replicate within the endosomes of alveolar macrophages.Bacilli in the alveoli are phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages, where they multiply and spread to regional lymph glands and through the bloodstream to distant organs (miliary tuberculosis).A scar and a cavern filled with caseous necrotic material are created at the site of the affected tissue.The treatment is carried out with a combination of several drugs, most often with the joint use of rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide, and lasts six months and continues for three months after Koch's bacillus is not found in the sputum culture.The BCG vaccine is intended for the active immunization of all newborns and high-risk children in order to prevent severe clinical forms of tuberculosis, as well as for the active immunization of adults with a high risk of developing tuberculosis.The aim of the research work is the comparison and interpretation of statistically processed data on the success of vaccination against TB on the territory of the Pomoravlje District for the period from 2008-2012.A descriptive study was applied in this research paper.The data were calculated in the SPSS statistics 20 software package.Results and discussion.Taking into account the total number of live births (1818) in relation to the number of vaccinated (1775) on the territory of the Pomoravlje District for the calendar year 2008, it is concluded that vaccination was successfully carried out for the specified year on the territory of one district because it amounted to 97.64% (it is greater than 95%).The percentage at the level of the entire district in 2009 is 97.34%, which indicates that immunization with the BCG vaccine was successfully implemented.Conclusion.Based on the statistically processed results, a high level of coverage and high success rate of the implemented vaccination for the fiveyear period from 2008-2012 was observed for the territory of the Pomoravlje District.It is very important to emphasize the essential measures that should be taken in every country of the world with the aim of developing and implementing national programs for the prevention, control and treatment of this disease.

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