SYNTHESIS OF THE SURFACTANTS FOR DEMULSIFICATION OF HIGH-VISCOSITY OILS AND STUDY OF THEIR COLLOIDAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

The paper deals with the results of studies on the synthesis of surfaceactivesubstances (surfactants) by sulfation of extractive safflower andcottonseed oils, which are considered technical vegetable oils. The optimalconditions for sulfation with sulfuric acid were determined in theconcentration of 70%, temperature - 35±5°C, reaction time - 150 min.Colloidal chemical properties, as well as viscosity, surface tension andelectrical conductivity of resulting surfactants were studied. Temperaturedependence of viscosity was studied and it was determined that solubilityslowly increases by an increase in temperature and reaches the criticalmicelle concentration at Krafft temperature. It was established that anincrease in the intensity of thermal motion causes a decrease in thehydration of polar groups (СООНa, COOH, OSO3Na) of surface-activesubstances (surfactants) promoting micellization. Structural changes inheated water have a significant role. An increase in temperature causesdisordering of water molecules, intensifying the desire of water to "get rid"of hydrophobic particles, i.e. from hydrocarbon radicals of surfactants,which, as already noted, contribute to its structuring. So, there is anincrease in hydrophobic interactions in water with an increase intemperature manifesting itself in a decrease in the value of critical micelleconcentration. Dynamic viscosities were studied depending on theconcentration and temperature of the synthesized surfactants

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