РАЗВИТИЕ ГЛАУКОМНОЙ ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ НЕЙРОПАТИИ ПРИ ГЛАУКОМЕ – ВСЕГДА ЛИ АПОПТОЗ ГАНГЛИОЗНЫХ КЛЕТОК СЕТЧАТКИ?

Relevance. The term “glaucoma” includes a significant group of eye diseases united by the general glaucomatous syndrome. An increase in the level of intraocular pressure and optical neuropathy, which results in atrophy of the optic nerve with its excavation, will lead to deterioration and, in later cases, loss of visual functions of the patient’s eye. It should be noted that in case of ocular hypertension and normal pressure glaucoma, optical neuropathy is the only denominator for all forms of the glaucomatous process. Purpose of the study. Study of a possible alternative form of cell death to apoptosis in primary glaucoma. Material and methods. Scientific works devoted to the role of apoptosis in the development of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, based on experimental and clinical studies, were studied. Results and conclusion. Factors affecting the death of retinal ganglion cells, which may be the initial cause of triggering the apoptosis mechanism, have been studied and presented. Based on the work carried out, pathological and anatomical aspects of the development of apoptosis were established. It has been established that during the glaucoma process, the programmed death of GCS is accelerated by a factor of two, compared with losses associated with the patient’s age. The analysis will contribute to the development of approaches to the prevention of optic neuropathy and its progression at the initial stages of the glaucomatous process.

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