Application of concession agreements in the services sector: institutional features and empirical analysis of Russian practice

In the context of structural constraints on economic growth and a shortage of budgetary resources, concession agreements are becoming crucial as a tool for mobilizing private investment in service sector infrastructure. The scientific novelty lies in identifying a dissonance between the declared flexibility of concession instruments and their actual concentration in the utilities and energy sector, as well as in establishing a sustainable positive trend in their application in the social sphere, indicating an expansion of their effectiveness. Despite the observed reduction in the number of agreements concluded in 2023-2024, their qualitative transformation is occurring, reflected in the «consolidation» of projects and an increase in the share of socially oriented sectors. The conclusion is that concessions are not simply an alternative source of financing, but also a comprehensive mechanism for the structural modernization of socially significant service sectors.

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