Features of COVID-19 progression in patients with metabolic syndrome: A literature review

Abstract. Introduction. Metabolic syndrome is a complex of clinical and biochemical disorders that increase the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It includes abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia, and it may also be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome and non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome continues to increase worldwide. Over the past three years, the COVID-19 pandemic has created a unique environment for the interaction of two global problems: Metabolic syndrome and COVID-19. This combination has led to new threats to public health and challenged the sustainability of the world’s health systems. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 on the health of the population and health care system in order to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. Material and Methods. Scientific publications were searched for in databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and RSNA, using the following keywords: metabolic syndrome, obesity, hyperglycemia, COVID-19. As a result, 150 articles were identified. After removing duplicates (25 articles) and excluding publications with insufficient data (85 articles), 40 relevant articles were selected for further analysis. Results and Discussion. The study results showed that metabolic syndrome significantly increases the risk of developing severe COVID-19 and the likelihood of hospitalization and mortality. Patients with metabolic syndrome, including obesity, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia, are more susceptible to infections, such as COVID-19, due to chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction. At the same time, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the course of metabolic syndrome, which is associated with impaired nutrition, lack of physical activity, and stressors. These data emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the prevention and treatment of both metabolic syndrome and COVID-19, with a focus on managing risk factors and improving the overall health of the population. Conclusions. Studies show that the combination of metabolic syndrome and COVID-19 significantly worsens the health status of patients, increasing the risk of severe complications and worsening their clinical prognoses. The presence of metabolic syndrome is associated with increased vulnerability to a more severe course of COVID-19 and an increased likelihood of mortality. At the same time, the pandemic has contributed to worsening the risk factors for metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and hypertension, which calls for mainstreaming approaches to the prevention and treatment of these diseases. To effectively combat the consequences of the pandemic, it is necessary to develop comprehensive strategies aimed at reducing morbidity and improving public health.

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