Current trends in the development of midface complications in post-COVID-19 patients: A literature review

Abstract. Introduction. COVID-19 can cause both systemic and localized complications, including midface region conditions, such as maxillary osteomyelitis and infections. These issues are exacerbated by metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation associated with post-COVID syndrome. The aim of the study was to examine current trends in the midface region complications in post-COVID-19 patients, based on a review analysis. Materials and Methods. Scientific publications were searched for in databases, such as Web of Science, PubMed, and RSNA, using the following keywords: osteomyelitis, maxilla, complications, and COVID-19. A total of 150 articles were identified. After excluding duplicate entries (15 articles) and publications with insufficient data (85 articles), 50 of the most relevant sources were included in the analysis. Results and Discussion. Recent studies indicate that post-COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of developing complications in the midface region, such as maxillary osteomyelitis and other infectious lesions. These issues may stem from chronic inflammation, immune system dysfunction, and vascular abnormalities triggered by the infection. Individuals with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and other metabolic disorders are particularly vulnerable due to the systemic inflammation and microcirculatory impairments. These findings highlight the need for early diagnosis, preventive measures, and comprehensive management of midface complications in patients recovering from COVID-19. Conclusions. Post-COVID-19 patients are at an increased risk of developing complications in the midface region. These findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach to treatment, including prevention and risk factor management.

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