ACUTE RHEUMATIC FEVER IN CHILDREN

The issue of reducing the incidence of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) has mainly been addressed, particularly in developed countries, due to a better understanding of the disease's etiology and the introduction of penicillin. However, recent outbreaks in various countries have reignited interest in this problem. In response to statistical data, the World Health Organization has adopted a resolution to enhance global and national efforts to prevent and combat ARF and rheumatic heart disease. ARF is a systemic inflammatory disease that often results from pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci. It remains one of the leading causes of heart disease in developing nations. A significant factor in the disease's development is the interplay between the source of infection, the type of microbe, and the individual's susceptibility to it. Key clinical manifestations include carditis, migratory polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules. Diagnosis of rheumatic fever relies on the Jones criteria, which were first developed in 1944 and later revised twice by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 1992 and 2015. This article examines aspects of ARF diagnostics, specifically evaluating the updated Jones criteria proposed by the AHA in May 2015. Emphasis is placed on disease prevention, particularly secondary prevention, which aims to prevent recurrent episodes. An analysis of materials published from 2014 to 2024 is included, highlighting significant advancements in scientific research. This analysis utilized reputable resources, including PubMed and ResearchGate, which are extensive knowledge bases in the fields of medicine and science. Keywords: Rheumatic fever, Jones criteria, diagnostics, prevention, children.

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