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Assessment of environmental pollution and health risks across urban-rural gradients

Banu DoskenovaDepartment of Geography and Ecology , M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University , 86 Pushkin street , Petropavlovsk , KazakhstanAssem SaduovaDepartment of Geography and Ecology , M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University , 86 Pushkin street , Petropavlovsk , KazakhstanM. Zh. SaduovDepartment of Geography and Ecology , M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University , 86 Pushkin street , Petropavlovsk , KazakhstanTatyana LyssakovaDepartment of Geography and Ecology , M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University , 86 Pushkin street , Petropavlovsk , KazakhstanMukhriddin AvezovDepartment of Physical Geography of National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek , 4 Universitetskaya Street , Tashkent , UzbekistanMurat MakhambetovDepartment of Ecology , K. Zhubanov Aktobe Regional University , 36 Alya Moldagulova street , Aktobe , KazakhstanAnuarbek KakabayevDepartment of Geography and Ecology , M. Kozybayev North Kazakhstan University , 86 Pushkin street , Petropavlovsk , KazakhstanYerbol PangaliyevDepartment of Ecology and Geology , Faculty of Engineering , Yessenov university , Aktau , microdistrict 32 , Aktau , Kazakhstan

2025

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ABI

Annotatsiya

Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils poses a growing global threat to food safety, particularly in rapidly urbanising and industrial regions.Despite widespread documentation of soil pollution, few studies have experimentally linked land-use stratification with plant metal uptake and human health risk using integrated field-based approaches.This study conducted a controlled assessment of heavy metal accumulation and associated dietary health risks across urban, peri-urban, and rural zones in the North Kazakhstan Region.A total of 36 composite topsoil samples (0-20 cm) and corresponding Lactuca sativa and Lolium perenne specimens were collected from 12 georeferenced plots and analysed for eight heavy metals.Urban soils exhibited significantly elevated concentrations of lead (131.2 ± 19.8 mg/kg) and cadmium (12.6 ± 2.7 mg/kg), exceeding national maximum permissible concentrations by 4.4 and 3.6 times, respectively (p < 0.01).Bioconcentration and transfer factors were highest for Cd (BCF = 1.82,TF = 1.27 in lettuce), confirming its strong phytoavailability.Health risk assessments revealed that children consuming urban-grown lettuce exceeded US EPA thresholds for noncarcinogenic risk (HRI = 1.75 for Cd; 1.38 for Pb).Strong correlations were observed between soil contamination levels and both plant uptake (r = 0.87 for Cd) and estimated daily intake (r = 0.81), reinforcing the direct link between contaminated soils and dietary exposure.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.12911/22998993/209413

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