Study of the suitability of industrial raw material resources as additives for Portland cement

This research investigates the potential of utilizing industrial technogenic waste materials as hybrid mineral additives in the production of composite Portland cement (CPC), aiming to reduce clinker consumption and promote environmentally friendly construction practices. The studied materials include active ash and slag (AAS) from the Angren thermal power plant, microsilica (MS), and processed steelmaking wastes such as ladle slag (LS), furnace slag (FS), and recycled steel slag (RSS) from Uzmetkombinat JSC. The chemical, mineralogical, and mechanical properties of these materials were characterized in accordance with national and international standards. Compressive strength tests and lime absorption measurements evaluated their pozzolanic and hydraulic activities. Experimental results demonstrated that AAS exhibited the highest activity, capable of replacing up to 45% of clinker without compromising mechanical strength. When combined with less active components (MS, RSS, FS, and LS), hybrid additives showed synergistic effects. Among these, the AAS+MS blend had the most significant pozzolanic effect, evidenced by reduced calcium oxide (CaO) concentration in the surrounding liquid and lower solution alkalinity. The statistical validation using the Student’s t-test confirmed the effectiveness of each additive, with t-values significantly exceeding the threshold required to classify them as active mineral additives. The findings support the development of “green” CPCs using hybrid additives derived from local industrial waste, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional raw materials. These formulations can significantly reduce carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, and natural resource depletion while maintaining cement performance, thus aligning with global trends toward low-clinker and low-carbon construction materials.

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