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Genetic Diversity and Phenotypic Variation of Indigenous Wild Cherry Species in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

Ulzhan ManapkanovaFaculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, 71 Al-Farabi Av., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanН.К. РымхановаInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev Str., Almaty 050040, KazakhstanStefanie ReimJulius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, 3a Pillnitzer Platz, 01326 Dresden, GermanyEric FritzscheJulius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, 3a Pillnitzer Platz, 01326 Dresden, GermanyMonika HöferJulius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Breeding Research on Fruit Crops, 3a Pillnitzer Platz, 01326 Dresden, GermanyN. Yu. BeshkoInstitute of Botany, 32 Durmon Yuli Str., Tashkent 100125, UzbekistanYeskendir SatekovSvetlana V. KushnarenkoInstitute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, 45 Timiryazev Str., Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan

2025en

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Litsenziya: cc-by

ABI

Annotatsiya

This study investigates the phenotypic characteristics, genetic diversity, and population structure of four wild cherry species collected from various regions of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan: Prunus fruticosa Pall., Ptunus erythrocarpa (Nevski) Gilli, Prunus griffithii var. tianshanica (Pojark.) Ingram, and Prunus verrucosa (Franch.). A total of 163 accessions were characterized morphologically using standardized descriptors for plant, leaf, and fruit traits. Genetic diversity was assessed using 13 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. STRUCTURE analysis revealed that 87.7% of the accessions were assigned to pure species. However, hybrid accessions were identified in P. griffithii var. tianshanica (34.4%), P. erythrocarpa (18.5%), and P. verrucosa (8.0%). Identical genotypes were found across all species, with P. fruticosa showing the highest proportion (54.8%), likely due to clonal propagation via root suckers. Among the four species, P. verrucosa exhibited the highest genetic diversity, while P. fruticosa had the lowest. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within the species (81%) was substantially greater than variation among the species (19%). These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic relationships among wild cherry species in Central Asia and provide valuable data for conservation planning and breeding programs aimed at improving drought and frost tolerance in Prunus species.

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DOI: 10.3390/plants14111676

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