Effect of Gross model–based emotion regulation training on maternal–preterm infant bonding in the neonatal intensive care unit: A randomized controlled trial

Preterm birth is among the most challenging experiences for parents, particularly mothers, and can adversely affect their emotional, psychological, and behavioral well-being. Considering the pivotal role of maternal emotion regulation in fostering a healthy relationship and strengthening mother–infant bonding, developing educational interventions to support mothers in managing negative emotions is essential. This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2024 to investigate the effect of Gross model–based emotion regulation training on mother–preterm infant bonding in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of teaching hospitals in Gorgan, Iran. Sixty mothers of hospitalized preterm infants were selected using simple random sampling and assigned to intervention (n=30) and control (n=30) groups. Data were collected using the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ). The intervention group participated in eight 90-minute sessions of emotion regulation training based on the Gross model, while the control group received routine care. Paired t-test results showed no significant difference in bonding scores in the control group before and after the intervention (P=0.530), whereas the intervention group showed a significant improvement (P=0.040). After controlling for pre-test effects using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), a significant difference was found between the two groups in post-test bonding scores (Eta=0.48, P<0.010). The findings demonstrated that Gross model–based emotion regulation training enhanced mother–infant bonding and improved the psychological well-being of mothers with hospitalized infants. This intervention, by reducing anxiety and increasing self-efficacy, facilitated positive mother–infant interactions. Moreover, nursing support and active maternal participation played crucial roles in strengthening this bond. Therefore, implementing emotion regulation–based programs in nursing care can promote maternal–infant emotional relationships and psychological health.

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