GRADE OF THE FLOCCULANTS' EFFICIENCYINWASTEWATER TREATMENT

The study aims to develop an efficient and sustainable method for treating industrial wastewater using locallysourced bentonite and palygorskite clays modified with chemical activators (e.g., sulfuric acid) and combinedwithcoagulants (Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3) and flocculants (PAA, CMC). The research seeks to optimize sorption properties, reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), and enhance the economic viability of wastewater treatment inmanufacturing enterprises. Bentonite and palygorskite clays were activated via acid treatment (H2SO4, 10–20%) at 95°C for 3–6 hours, followed by washing, drying, and milling. Physicochemical Analysis: X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR spectroscopy, and derivatography were used to study structural and thermal properties. Sorption Testing: Claypowders were evaluated for wastewater treatment efficiency under varying conditions (temperature, acidconcentration, activation time). Coagulation-flocculation-sorption experiments were conducted using Al2(SO4)3, FeCl3, PAA, and CMC to assess COD reduction and oil/particle removal. Activated palygorskite-bentonitecomposites exhibited superior sorption activity (52.5–67.5%) due to increased porosity and polarity. IRspectraconfirmed functional group interactions (e.g., SiO4 2⁻, OH-), enhancing sorption. The combined method (sorbent +coagulants + flocculants) achieved high treatment efficiency with minimal sludge production. Local sorbentsmatched or outperformed imported alternatives, reducing treatment time to 15–20 minutes—first application of acid- activated palygorskite-bentonite blends in wastewater treatment, leveraging local Uzbek raw materials. Novel combined chemical approach integrating sorption, coagulation, and flocculation, optimizing resource use. Demonstrated economic feasibility through reagent recycling (e.g., acidic filtrate reuse). Environmental Benefits: Reduces reliance on imported sorbents and minimizes hazardous sludge generation. Industrial Adoption: Scalablefor gas/oil, textile, and food industries, aligning with circular economy principles. Policy Support: Provides a model for sustainable wastewater management in resource-limited regions.

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