СЕЗОННАЯ ФЕНОЛОГИЯ ЭКТОПАРАЗИТОВ В ЗООБИОЦЕНОЗАХ КАРАКАЛПАКСТАНА

In 2023-2024, a study of the seasonal activity of ectoparasites parasitising cattle and sheep was conducted in the Nukus and Karauzak districts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The relevance of the study is conditioned by to the need for epizootic monitoring in an arid climate that promotes the conservation and spread of ectoparasitic forms that affect the productivity of farm animals. The purpose of the study was to determine the species composition of ectoparasites, their prevalence and seasonal phenology in the northwestern region of Uzbekistan. The methodological basis included a field collection of parasitic arthropods, followed by morphological identification using generally accepted definitions. The sample size was 3,648 animals examined in farms and private holdings. The presence of 12 ectoparasite species, mainly from the families Ixodidae, Hippoboscidae, and Trichodectidae, parasitising cattle and sheep, has been established. As a result of monitoring in 2023, species of mites of the genera Hyalomma (H. anatolicum, H. plumbeum, H. detritum, H. scupense), Rhipicephalus (Rh. bursa, Rh. turanicus), Haemaphysalis (H. sulcata, H. punctata), Dermacentor marginatus, Ixodes ricinus, and chewing lice of the genera Bovicola (B. ovis, B. bovis). The largest number of ixodid ticks was recorded from the middle of spring to the end of summer, especially in June and July, with a gradual decrease in autumn. The species Bovicola ovis demonstrated year-round activity, mainly in sheep, whereas B. bovis was more common in cattle. Seasonal dynamics indicated endemic migration of parasites, depending on temperature rise and microclimatic conditions. In addition, the relationship between the intensity of invasion and the density of livestock, the sanitary condition of the premises and the degree of anthropogenic stress on pasture ecotopes has been established. The results obtained are of practical importance for the development of seasonal schemes of antiparasitic treatments, increasing the stability of livestock and preventing vector-borne diseases in the steppe and semi-arid pastures of Karakalpakstan

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