Graphene for Supercapacitors and Energy Storage

The growing global need in viable and effective energy storage means created higher interest in the use of supercapacitors since they exhibit their high ability in power density production, fast charge/discharge rates, and extended cycle lives.This chapter discusses some of the basic principles of operation of supercapacitors especially the difference between electric doublelayer capacitors (EDLCs) and pseudocapacitors.The main parameters of the performance are given as important parameters of assessing devices efficiency: specific capacitance, energy density, power density, and cycling stability.The extraordinary electrical conductivity material, large surface area with mechanical strength and chemical stability has triggered the use of graphene in the invention of the next generation of supercapacitor electrodes.The chapter takes a closer look at the electrochemical applications of graphene and expounds on the range of manufacturing pathways, mentioning chemical vapor deposition (CVD), the enhanced Hummers process and liquid phase exfoliation to mention just a few.The focus is given to the creation of graphene whereas it is combined with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal oxides (MnO 2 , RuO 2 ), and conducting polymers (e.g., polyaniline, PEDOT) to improve charge storage phenomena.Various arrangements of supercapacitor devices are also discussed and the comparison of symmetric and asymmetric structures, solid-state and bendable ones are discussed.Such formats play a pivotal role in aligning the supercapacitors to any domains of application.Lastly, the chapter points out practical implementation of graphene supercapacitors, not only in portable and wearable electronics as well as grid-scale systems that will store energy.A promising direction is a hybrid supercapacitor battery system and high-performance energy systems in automotive and aerospace.Supercapacitors have the potential to become the fabric of energy technology in the future, especially in context of the desired properties as enabled by the fundamental characteristics of graphene, and by taming other functional device structures.

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