Clinical and Anamnestic Profile of Patients with Thyroid Cancer Under Conditions of Iodine Deficiency in the Republic of Uzbekistan

Thyroid cancer remains one of the most common endocrine malignancies, with a steady global increase in incidence.In Uzbekistan, persistent iodine deficiency continues to influence the structure and clinical course of thyroid malignancies.This research aims to evaluate clinical, morphological, hormonal, and metabolic characteristics of patients with thyroid cancer living in iodine-deficient regions of Uzbekistan.A retrospective, singlecenter analysis was performed at the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Endocrinology named after Academician Yo.Kh.Turakulov, Tashkent.The study included 70 patients (63 women, 7 men) treated surgically for histologically confirmed differentiated thyroid carcinoma between 2016 and 2024.Demographic, morphological, ultrasound, hormonal, and metabolic parameters were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistics (Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher's exact test).The result shows that women accounted for 90 % of cases (mean age 42.8 ± 12.1 years).Papillary carcinoma predominated (75.7 %), followed by follicular carcinoma (21.4 %).Autoimmune thyroiditis occurred in 70 % of patients and correlated with elevated anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies.A positive correlation was found between TSH level and tumor size (rₛ = 0.32; p = 0.04), and between age > 45 years and follicular histotype (rₛ = 0.25; p = 0.03).The epidemiological pattern of differentiated thyroid cancer in Uzbekistan mirrors global trends yet reflects local specificity related to chronic iodine deficiency and high autoimmune disease prevalence.These findings underline the importance of regional preventive measures aimed at iodine correction and early risk stratification in thyroid-cancer management.

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