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A multi-frequency study of sub-parsec jets with the Event Horizon Telescope

Jan RöderBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronMaciek WielgusBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronA. P. LobanovBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronT. P. KrichbaumBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronDhanya G. NairBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronSang-Sung LeeKorean Association for the Study of Intestinal DiseasesE. RosBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronVincent L. FishLindy BlackburnHarvard U. (main)Chi‐kwan ChanClemson USara IssaounBaltimore, Space Telescope SciMichaël JanssenNijmegen U., IMAPPMichael D. JohnsonHarvard U. (main)Sheperd S. DoelemanHarvard-Smithsonian Ctr. AstrophysGeoffrey C. BowerHawaii UG. CrewR. P. J. TilanusNWO, The HagueT. SavolainenBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronC. M. Violette ImpellizzeriNational Centre for Earth ObservationAlberdi, AntxonGranada U., Theor. Phys. AstrophysAnne-Kathrin BaczkoChalmers U. TechJosé L. GómezGranada U., Theor. Phys. AstrophysRu-Sen LuNanjing U. Sci. TechGeorgios Filippos ParaschosBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronEfthalia TraianouGranada U., Theor. Phys. AstrophysC. GoddiCagliari ObservDae-Won KimBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronMikhail LisakovValparaiso U., CatolicaY. Y. KovalevHarvard U. (main)P. A. VoitsikKirill V. SokolovskyNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyKazunori AkiyamaHarvard U. (main)Ezequiel Albentosa-RuízValencia U., Astro. AstrophysWalter AlefBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronJuan Carlos AlgabaMalaya URichard AnantuaHarvard-Smithsonian Ctr. AstrophysKeiichi AsadaAcademia Sinica, TaiwanRebecca AzulayValencia U., Astro. AstrophysU. BachBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronDavid BallArizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward ObservMislav BalokovićNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyB. BandyopadhyayConcepcion UJ. BarrettMichi BauböckIllinois U., UrbanaB. A. BensonChicago U., Astron. Astrophys. CtrDan BintleySubaru TelescopeR. BlundellHarvard-Smithsonian Ctr. AstrophysKatherine L. BoumanCaltechMichael BremerIRAM, St. Martin d'HeresChristiaan D. BrinkerinkRoger BrissendenHarvard-Smithsonian Ctr. AstrophysS. BritzenBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronAvery E. BroderickWaterloo UDominique BroguièreIRAM, St. Martin d'HeresThomas BronzwaerSandra BustamanteMassachusetts U., AmherstDo‐Young ByunKorea Institute of Science & Technology InformationJohn E. CarlstromChicago UChiara CeccobelloChalmers U. TechAndrew ChaelDominic O. ChangHarvard U. (main)Koushik ChatterjeeHarvard U. (main)Shami ChatterjeeCornell U., Radio. Space Res. CtrMing‐Tang ChenEast Asian ObservXiaopeng ChengShanghai, Astron. ObservIlje ChoKASI, DaeJeonPierre ChristianFairfield UNicholas S. ConroyNetherlands Institute for Radio AstronomyJ. E. ConwayChalmers U. TechJ. M. CordesAstronomy and SpaceThomas M. CrawfordChicago U., KICPAlejandro Cruz-OsorioUNAM, Inst. AstronYuzhu CuiUnlisted, CNBrandon CurdHarvard U. (main)Rohan DahaleGranada U., Theor. Phys. AstrophysJordy DavelaarFlatiron Inst., New YorkMariafelicia De LaurentisNaples URoger DeanePretoria UJessica DempseySubaru TelescopeG. DesvignesLESIA, MeudonJason DexterColorado UVedant DhruvIllinois U., UrbanaIndu K. DihingiaShanghai Jiao Tong USean Taylor DougallArizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward ObservSergio A. DzibBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronRalph P. EatoughBonn, Max Planck Inst., RadioastronRazieh EmamiHarvard-Smithsonian Ctr. AstrophysH. FalckeJoseph FarahUC, Santa BarbaraE. B. FomalontNRAO, CharlottesvilleH. Alyson FordArizona U., Astron. Dept. - Steward ObservMarianna FoschiGranada U., Theor. Phys. AstrophysRaquel Fraga-EncinasWilliam T. FreemanIBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research CenterPer FribergSubaru TelescopeChristian M. FrommFrankfurt UAntonio F. FuentesGranada U., Theor. Phys. AstrophysPeter GalisonHarvard-Smithsonian Ctr. AstrophysCharles F. GammieIllinois U., Urbana

arXiv (Cornell University)repository2025en

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Annotatsiya

The 2017 observing campaign of the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) delivered the first very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) images at the observing frequency of 230 GHz, leading to a number of unique studies on black holes and relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN). In total, eighteen sources were observed: the main science targets, Sgr A* and M87 along with various calibrators. We investigated the morphology of the sixteen AGN in the EHT 2017 data set, focusing on the properties of the VLBI cores: size, flux density, and brightness temperature. We studied their dependence on the observing frequency in order to compare it with the Blandford-Königl (BK) jet model. We modeled the source structure of seven AGN in the EHT 2017 data set using linearly polarized circular Gaussian components and collected results for the other nine AGN from dedicated EHT publications, complemented by lower frequency data in the 2-86 GHz range. Then, we studied the dependences of the VLBI core flux density, size, and brightness temperature on the frequency measured in the AGN host frame. We compared the observations with the BK jet model and estimated the magnetic field strength dependence on the distance from the central black hole. Our results indicate a deviation from the standard BK model, particularly in the decrease of the brightness temperature with the observing frequency. Either bulk acceleration of the jet material, energy transfer from the magnetic field to the particles, or both are required to explain the observations.

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Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology Particle Accelerators and Free-Electron Lasers

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DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.2501.05518

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