Preprint

Non-Inductive Current Start-Up Using Multi-Harmonic Electron Cyclotron Wave and Current Ramp-Up Through Combined Electron Cyclotron Wave and Ohmic Heating in EXL-50U Spherical Torus

Xinchen JiangYuejiang ShiHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaYueng-Kay Martin PengHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaShaodong SongHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaWenjun LiuHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaXianming SongHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaXiang GuENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. , Langfang 065001 , ChinaJi QiENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. , Langfang 065001 , ChinaDong GuoHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaDebabrata BanerjeeUniversity of TurinLili DongHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaZhenxing WangENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. , Langfang 065001 , ChinaChunyan LiSchool of Nuclear Science and Technology , University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , ChinaJunquan LinSchool of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering , University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , ChinaPingwei ZhengSchool of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering , University of South China , Hengyang 421001 , ChinaHaojie MASchool of Liberal Arts and Sciences , North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering , Langfang 065000 , People's Republic of ChinaHuasheng XieHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaJiaqi DongSouthwestern Institute of Physics , Chengdu 610225 , ChinaQingwei YangSouthwestern Institute of Physics , Chengdu 610225 , ChinaY LiangForschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Institute of Fusion Energy and Nuclear Waste Management -Plasmaphysik , 52425 Jülich , GermanyBaoshan YuanENN Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. , Langfang 065001 , ChinaXianmei ZhangSchool of Physics , East China University of Science and Technology , Shanghai 200237 , ChinaMinsheng LiuHebei Key Laboratory of Compact Fusion , Langfang 065001 , ChinaEXL-50U team

2025

ABI

Annotatsiya

The non-inductive current start-up by multi-harmonic electron cyclotron wave has been systematically investigated in the EXL-50U spherical torus. Significant enhancements of the driven current with increasing number of resonance layers have been demonstrated by variation of the number of harmonic resonance layers of the ECW through adjustment of the magnetic field or plasma cross section. The critical role of multi-harmonic ECW in enhancing the driven current has been experimentally verified for the first time. To explain the related experimental observations, a physical mechanism involving multi-harmonic heating, multiple reflections, and multi-pass absorption - leading to the generation of high-energy electrons via X-mode wave or electron Bernstein wave has been proposed. The current drive capacity of the first harmonic extraordinary mode of the ECW has also been experimentally confirmed for the first time. After the application of Ohmic heating during the current ramp-up phase, the current drive efficiency of ECW is further enhanced. Leveraging the synergistic effect between ECW and Ohmic heating, EXL-50U achieved a plasma current of 1 MA, with the non-inductively driven current fraction reaching 70%.

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