Modelling Energy Saving Algorithm of Wireless Sensor Networks in the Cooja Simulation Environment

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provide IoT monitoring, but their lifetime is limited by battery capacity and radio energy consumption. In this paper, an energy-efficient data transmission approach for agricultural land monitoring is modelled in the Cooja simulator. A network based on Zigbee IEEE 802.15.4 and IPv6/6LoWPAN was tested in an area of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1500 \times 500 ~\mathrm{m}^{2}$</tex> with 56 nodes (168 sensors), 100 m communication distance, 2.4 GHz band, and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$250 \text{kbit} / \mathrm{s}$</tex> speed. We propose an improved transit route selection algorithm: it takes into account not only the path length, but also mobility and channel continuity, network load, latency requirements, and residual energy efficiency. The results show that more than 50 % of the node energy is spent on radio transmission; therefore, it is important to extend the sleep/LPM time, reduce the routing depth, and optimise signalling. The proposed model balances energy across LPM, CPU, radio listening, and transmission modes, increasing efficiency by up to 20 %, enhancing stability, and reducing latency. The approach directly serves to ensure long-term performance in practical IoT systems.

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