Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Chronic Kidney Disease: Prevalence and Association With Renal Function Parameters

Aim To evaluate the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and its relationship with renal function parameters in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Material and methods This cross-sectional retrospective cohort study included 1,080 patients with pre-dialysis CKD. The mean age was 39.0±12.9 years (17-74 years; median, 38 [28-49 years]). Patients were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=381; GFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m²), Group 2 (n=181; GFR 59-30 mL/min/1.73 m²), and Group 3 (n=518; GFR ≤29 mL/min/1.73 m²). All patients underwent clinical and laboratory evaluation and echocardiography. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 10.0, utilizing Student's t -test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Spearman's correlation. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. Results The LV linear dimensions and mass index were significantly greater in patients with more pronounced renal impairment. Signs of LVH were identified in 489 patients (45.2%). The prevalence of LVH increased alongside the progression of CKD, reaching 8.8%, 26.5%, 35.5%, 35.1%, 52.7%, and 76.4% in stages C1-C5, respectively. Eccentric LVH was more prevalent than concentric LVH. LV mass index and relative wall thickness correlated significantly with both GFR and proteinuria levels. Conclusion Patients with CKD exhibit a high prevalence of LVH, which rises as the GFR declines and peaks at the advanced stages of the disease. LVH is predominantly eccentric. There is a statistically significant relationship between LV remodeling parameters and renal function, specifically GFR and proteinuria.

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