The Role of Incorrect Breathing Habits in the Development of Orthodontic Pathologies in Children

Resume. This scientific article is devoted to the study of the role and mechanisms of the influence of incorrect breathing habits on the development of orthodontic pathologies in children. Breathing disorders, particularly mouth breathing, are one of the current problems in modern orthodontics, with a prevalence among the pediatric population ranging from 11% to 56.8%. Analysis of literature data shows that mouth breathing leads to narrowing of the dental arches, increased palatal depth, development of crossbite, and Class II skeletal occlusion. Incorrect breathing habits disrupt muscle balance, cause a low tongue position, and alter the direction of facial skeletal growth. The article examines the relationship between breathing disorders caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy, allergic rhinitis, and other obstructive factors with the development of orthodontic pathologies. It is substantiated that early diagnosis and a comprehensive approach involving an orthodontist, otorhinolaryngologist, speech therapist, and myofunctional therapist are of great importance for preventing pathological changes and improving treatment effectiveness. Keywords: incorrect breathing, mouth breathing, orthodontic pathologies, malocclusion, adenotonsillar hypertrophy, myofunctional therapy, craniofacial growth, pediatric dentistry.

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