ANALYSIS OF HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ODONTOGENIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN WITH PREMORBID CONDITIONS

Odontogenic inflammatory diseases (OID) in children with premorbid conditions follow a more severe and protracted clinical course, necessitating objective morphological assessment of the inflammatory process. Standardised histological and cytological diagnostic methods enable detailed characterisation of pathomorphological changes in the tissues of the pathological focus. Objective. To evaluate the histomorphological parameters of odontogenic inflammatory diseases in children with a premorbid history, employing Romanowsky–Giemsa and Van Gieson staining methods. Materials and Methods. A prospective clinico-morphological study was conducted. A total of 239 children aged 3–17 years with odontogenic inflammatory diseases were examined; all had received treatment at the Department of Paediatric Maxillofacial Surgery, Bukhara Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Centre, between 2021 and 2025. The study group comprised 127 children with premorbid conditions (recurrent acute respiratory viral infections, chronic diseases), and the control group comprised 112 patients without comorbid pathology. Biological specimens were collected intraoperatively and on days 3–5 of treatment; Romanowsky–Giemsa and Van Gieson staining with Weigert's haematoxylin and picrofuchsin were applied. Histological sections were prepared according to the standard paraffin technique with fixation in 10% neutral formalin. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). The protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Bukhara State Medical Institute. Written informed consent was obtained from the legal representatives of all paediatric participants. The confidentiality of personal data was maintained. Intergroup differences in categorical variables were assessed using the chi-square (χ²) test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Data were analysed with SPSS Statistics, version 26.0. The study was conducted as part of the research plan of Bukhara State Medical Institute entitled "Improving Diagnostic and Treatment Methods for Inflammatory Diseases of the Maxillofacial Region in Children" (2021–2025). Results. In the study group, Romanowsky–Giemsa staining revealed a predominance of neutrophils and macrophages, accompanied by an attenuated lymphocytic response. Van Gieson staining demonstrated pronounced fibrosis and destruction of collagen fibres. In the control group, the inflammatory cellular composition corresponded to a typical acute reaction with earlier lymphocytic transformation. The morphological differences between the groups were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Premorbid conditions significantly affect the histomorphological pattern of odontogenic inflammation in children, manifesting in more pronounced destructive changes. The combined application of Romanowsky–Giemsa and Van Gieson staining methods enables objective assessment of the nature of the inflammatory process and serves as a basis for developing individualised treatment protocols.

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