Modeling Optimal Fertilizer Application and Evaluating Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity in Saline Soils under Advanced Agrotechnologies

This study is aimed at scientifically substantiating an optimal fertilizer application system to increase wheat yield under saline irrigated soil conditions of the Surkhandarya and Bukhara regions of Uzbekistan. Field experiments were conducted during 2023–2025 on moderately saline soils (EC 4.5-6.8 dS/m), where the effects of different mineral fertilizer treatments (NPK) on crop productivity were evaluated.The results demonstrated that the application of mineral fertilizers significantly increased grain yield compared to the control treatment. The optimal rate (N₁₈₀P₁₂₀K₉₀ kg/ha) provided the highest agrobiological and economic efficiency in both regions, increasing wheat yield by more than 60% in Surkhandarya and by 65–70% in Bukhara. Increasing fertilizer rates beyond the optimal level did not result in a statistically significant yield improvement.Regression analysis revealed that yield decreased with increasing soil salinity; however, this negative effect was partially mitigated under optimal fertilization regimes. The findings highlight the importance of determining optimal fertilizer application ranges in saline soils to ensure efficient resource use and stable crop productivity.

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