Numerical simulation of motorcycle aerodynamics using OpenFOAM software

Existing motorcycle aerodynamic studies focus primarily on determining the aerodynamic drag coefficient or conducting experimental wind tunnel studies. Detailed analysis of the flow structure, turbulent kinetic energy distribution, and flow characteristics in various cross-sections of the computational domain using open CFD platforms is underrepresented. Furthermore, the literature provides a limited number of studies comprehensively analyzing the evolution of vortex structures behind a motorcycle using the SST turbulence model in the OpenFOAM environment. This paper presents a numerical study of the aerodynamic characteristics of a motorcycle using the OpenFOAM software package based on the RANS system of equations in conjunction with the SST turbulence model. To solve the discretized equations, the SIMPLE algorithm was used in conjunction with the GAMG multigrid solver, ensuring stability and accelerated convergence of the computational process. The distributions of the velocity, pressure, and turbulent kinetic energy fields in the longitudinal and transverse cross-sections of the computational domain were obtained. The analysis revealed flow stagnation zones, low-pressure areas, and the formation of recirculation structures behind the motorcycle, which significantly influence aerodynamic drag. The scientific novelty of this study lies in a comprehensive, layer-by-layer analysis of the turbulent flow structure around the motorcycle's full geometry, with a detailed study of the distribution of turbulent kinetic energy in various cross-sections using the open-source OpenFOAM software. The results obtained can be used in further aerodynamic optimization of the motorcycle design to reduce drag and improve stability.

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