Russian Language in the System of Language Policy of Uzbekistan: Historical Transformation and Current State

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of state language policy in Uzbekistan from the 20th to the early 21st century. It examines the dynamics of the Russian language's functioning through an interdisciplinary approach and the lens of language planning theory. The study analyzes the historical stages in the formation of the language situation — from the korenizatsiya (indigenization) policy of the 1920s to contemporary institutional reforms. Special attention is paid to the genesis of the legal and regulatory framework and the changing socio-communicative functions of the Russian language amid the strengthening status of Uzbek as the state language. Based on a comparative analysis of Soviet census data and current statistical indicators, the study identifies enduring trends in the preservation of the Russian language as a vital intellectual and communicative resource. The article concludes that the modern linguistic model of Uzbekistan is characterized by a tendency toward a balanced combination of the dominant role of the state language and the preservation of the functional potential of the Russian language in education, science, and international relations. A stable model of national-Russian bilingualism is emerging in Uzbek society, grounded not in administrative coercion but in practical expediency, genuine necessity, and citizens' need to enhance their social status. The national education system serves as the key institutional mechanism for reproducing this bilingual environment.

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