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Histone acetylation mediated cellular reprogramming during somatic embryogenesis in <i>Cunninghamia lanceolata</i>

Yuying YangState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 ,Shuxin ChenState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400 ,Huan LiuZhejiang Academy of ForestryHuiling ChenLongquan Forestry Research Institute , Longquan 323700 ,Jiayue LiZhejiang Academy of ForestryGuirong QiaoState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400 ,Kaiyong HuangGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Forestry Science Research Institute , Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 530002 ,Huanwei ChenLongquan Forestry Research Institute , Longquan 323700 ,Yu ChenCoastal New Forest Farm, Dongtai , Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, 224200 ,Renying ZhuoState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311400 ,Jinhui ChenState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing 210037 ,Xiaojiao HanResearch Institute of Forestry

2026en

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Annotatsiya

Abstract Somatic embryogenesis (SE) represents a fundamental regeneration pathway for clonal propagation and biotechnological improvement of woody forest and horticultural species. However, its regulation at the epigenetic level remains poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated the dynamics of histone acetylation during distinct developmental stages of SE in Cunninghamia lanceolata. Embryogenic tissues of C. lanceolata are characterized by densely packed, cytoplasm-rich, and actively dividing embryogenic cells, along with high developmental plasticity–traits that are markedly enhanced by treatment with trichostatin A (TSA), indicating a key role for histone acetylation in establishing an embryogenic cellular state. Comparative proteome analysis revealed significant enrichment of acetylation-related proteins during SE induction, accompanied by a global increase in histone acetylation levels. We further identified the histone deacetylase ClHDT1 as highly expressed at early embryogenic stages and demonstrated its direct physical interaction with the embryogenesis-associated transcription factor ClWOX8. Functional assays showed that ClWOX8 promotes embryogenic development, whereas ClHDT1 overexpression disrupts embryogenic organization, suggesting opposing roles in developmental reprogramming. Based on these findings, we propose that the ClHDT1-ClWOX8 module functions as a key epigenetic regulator by dynamically modulating chromatin acetylation status, thereby fine-tuning the transcriptional programs that govern embryogenic competence. Overall, our results highlight histone acetylation as an important regulatory framework underlying SE in a woody species and provide practical insights into epigenetic modulation strategies for improving regeneration systems in horticultural and forest plants.

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DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhag301

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