The Assessment of Groundwater Influence on Soil Fertility in The Republic of Karakalpakstan (Southern, Central and Northern Districts)

This article examines the influence of groundwater on soil fertility in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, with a comparative focus on the southern (Beruniy, Turtkul), central (Nukus, Kegeyli), and northern (Muynak, Kungrad) districts. The research analyzes groundwater depth, mineralization, and their relationship with soil salinity, humus content, and nutrient availability. The results indicate that shallow and highly mineralized groundwater significantly contributes to secondary salinization, degradation of soil structure, and reduction of agricultural productivity, especially in northern districts affected by the Aral Sea ecological crisis. In contrast, deeper and less mineralized groundwater in southern areas supports relatively stable soil fertility conditions. The study highlights the necessity of integrated groundwater management, improved drainage systems, and water-saving irrigation technologies to ensure sustainable land use and ecological stability in Karakalpakstan.

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