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Biodiversity and distribution of selected freshwater mollusks and crayfish along a mineralization gradient in the Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan

KHUSNIDDIN BOYMURODOVDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanJONIBEK SAIDKULOVJizzakh State Pedagogical UniversitySAYFULLA KHORAZOVDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanTozagul JABBOROVADepartment of General Methodological Sciences, University of Economics and Pedagogy. Islom Karimov-13, Karshi 180119, UzbekistanBOBUR SABOXIDDINOVDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanOMON MIRZAMURODOVDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanBAXTIYOR ALIYEVDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanSulton SuyarovDepartment of Ecology and Life Safety, Faculty of Geography and Ecology, Samarkand State University. University Boulevard 15, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanBEKZOD OTAKULOVDepartment of Ecology and Life Safety, Faculty of Geography and Ecology, Samarkand State University. University Boulevard 15, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanAZAMAT EGAMKULOVDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanNADIR KHASANOVDepartment of Biology, Navoi State University. Ibn Sina 45, Navoi 210100, UzbekistanFarrukh DjalilovSamarkand State Institute of Foreign LanguagesSUKHROB BOYMURODOVDepartment of Zoology, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek. 4 University Street, Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanMatnazar RaximovDepartment of Zoology, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek. 4 University Street, Tashkent 100174, UzbekistanZUVAIDULLO IZZATULLAEVDepartment of Ecology and Life Safety, Faculty of Geography and Ecology, Samarkand State University. University Boulevard 15, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanKHUDAINAZAR YUNUSOVDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Medicinal Plants, Samarkand State University of Veterinary Medicine, Livestock and Biotechnologies. Mirzo Ulugbek 77, Samarkand 140100, UzbekistanZAFARJON MUSTAFOYEVDepartment of Human Anatomy, Samarkand State Medical University. Samarkand 140100, Uzbekistan

2026

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Litsenziya: cc-by-nc-sa

ABI

Annotatsiya

Abstract. Boymurodov K, Yunusov K, Izzatullaev Z, Raximov M, Boymurodov S, Djalilov F, Khasanov N, Egamkulov A, Otakulov B, Suyarov S, Aliyev B, Mirzamurodov O, Saboxiddinov B, Jabborova T, Khorazov S, Saidkulov J, Mustafoyev Z. 2026. Biodiversity and distribution of selected freshwater mollusks and crayfish along a mineralization gradient in the Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270425. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270425. The Zarafshan River basin is characterized by a distinct hydro-chemical gradient shaped by intense urbanization and industrial activity, which significantly impacts its biological integrity. This study evaluates the taxonomic diversity and distribution of four key freshwater macroinvertebrate families (Unionidae, Corbiculidae, Lymnaeidae, and Astacidae) along a documented mineralization gradient in the Zarafshan River basin. Field surveys were conducted from 2023 to 2025 at 12 sampling stations representing varying anthropogenic pressures. Taxonomic composition was analyzed alongside hydro-chemical parameters, including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and nutrient levels. A total of 11 species, belonging to 3 classes, 4 orders, 4 families, and 7 genera, were identified. Data analysis revealed a marked decline in both species’ richness and individual density as water mineralization increased from 300 mg/L (Site Z1) to 1600 mg/L (Site Z4). Ecological classification identified the predominance of phytophilic (5 species, 45.4%) and peloreophilic (3 species, 27.3%) groups. Faunistic similarity analysis, using Jaccard and Ochiai indices, showed the highest similarity between stations K1 and A2 (Ochiai 0.95), while the lowest similarity was recorded between the most impacted stations Z4 and K4 (Jaccard 0.45). The observed spatial shifts in community structure suggest that elevated mineralization and organic loading are primary drivers of macroinvertebrate distribution in the basin. These findings characterize the environmental tolerances of the target taxa, providing foundational data for developing future bioindication frameworks in the Zarafshan River ecosystem.

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DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270425

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