THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPEECH ACT THEORY: FROM PHILOSOPHICAL INSIGHT TO INTERDISCIPLINARY FRAMEWORK

Speech Act Theory (SAT) transformed the study of language by shifting focus from truth-conditional semantics to the performative and action-oriented nature of utterances. This comprehensive review traces the theory’s origins in J.L. Austin’s ordinary language philosophy, its systematic elaboration by John Searle, and its subsequent expansion across pragmatics, linguistics, philosophy, and applied disciplines. Adopting an adapted IMRAD structure for a theoretical review, the paper examines key concepts–locutionary, illocutionary, and perlocutionary acts; felicity conditions; and illocutionary force–through detailed examples and critical analysis. The development of SAT reveals both its explanatory power in accounting for social reality and persistent challenges regarding intention, context, and cross-cultural applicability. This original synthesis highlights SAT’s enduring relevance in understanding human communication, digital discourse, and institutional facts while proposing avenues for future integration with cognitive and computational sciences

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