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Maize stalk-derived biochar modified with CuAl-layered double hydroxide for rapid methyl orange adsorption: parametric optimization, isotherm, kinetic and desorption studies

Adeyinka Sikiru YusuffDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University, km 8.5, Afe Babalola Way, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, NigeriaAfeez GbadamosiCenter for Water and Sustainable Environment, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi ArabiaDavid UkukuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Lousiana State University, Lousiana, USAYuli Panca AsmaraINTI International University, Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Survey, Negeri Sembilan 71800, MalaysiaElyor BerdimurodovFaculty of Chemistry, National University of Uzbeksitan, Tashkent, 100034, UzbekistanKhasan BerdimuradovShahrisabz Faculty of Food Engineering, Karshi State Technical University, Karshi, UzbekistanRasulbek EshmetovNatural Sciences, Ma’mun Universiteti, Urgench, UzbekstanKhudaybergan PolvonovNatural and agricultural Sciences, Urgench State University named after Abu Rayhan Biruni, Urgench City, 220100, Uzbekistan

2026en

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Litsenziya: cc-by-nc-nd

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ABI

Annotatsiya

Concern over toxic dye contamination of water bodies has grown in recent times, threatening both the environment and public health. Herein, CuAl-layered double hydroxide (CuAl-LDH) loaded maize stalk biochar (CuAl-LDH@MSB) was synthesized through coprecipitation-impregnation at different Cu 2+ /Al 3+ molar ratios (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) followed by pyrolysis at 600 o C for 1.5 h to facilitate the CuAl-LDH layers crystallization on biochar. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using SEM-EDX, BET, FTIR, XRD and pH pzc techniques. The CuAl-LDH@MSB composites’ adsorption behaviour was investigated using methyl orange (MO) as the target contaminant. The CuAl-LDH@MSB sample prepared at a 3:1 Cu 2+ : Al 3+ molar ratio (CuAl-LDH@MSB3:1) exhibited higher methyl orange (MO) adsorption efficiency than the composites prepared at Cu 2+ : Al 3+ molar ratio of 2:1 and 4:1. Optimization of MO adsorption onto CuAl-LDH@MSB3:1 using the Taguchi method determined optimum conditions (20 mg/L initial MO concentration, pH 6, adsorption time of 90 min and 0.75 g/50 mL adsorbent dosage), under which the composite removed 99.3% of MO from aqueous solution. Equilibrium adsorption data best fitted the Sips isotherm ( mg/g), suggesting heterogeneous-multilayer adsorption process. Kinetic data were effectively described by pseudo-first-order kinetic model ( ), indicating that the MO adsorption onto CuAl-LDH@MSB3:1 was mainly controlled by surface and physisorption mechanisms. Moreover, dye molecules were desorbed from MO-laden CuAl-LDH@MSB3:1 using H 2 SO 4 and NaOH as regenerants, and it was observed that aqueous NaOH desorbed nearly 70% of dye molecules from the spent adsorbent after the 4 th cycle, as compared to H 2 SO 4 solution that desorbed 57% of the adsorbed MO molecules from the spent adsorbent. The results demonstrated that CuAl-LDH@MSB3:1 possessed great potential as a cheap, sustainable and efficient adsorbent for removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution.

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DOI: 10.1016/j.rsurfi.2026.100918

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