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AquaCrop modeling for climate-resilient sorghum productivity in salt-affected arid lands

Obidjon SindarovTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanIlkhom BegmatovTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanBekjan UspankulovTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanSunnat ShovdirovNavoi State University, Navoi, UzbekistanNabi JumaboyevGulistan State Pedagogical Institute, Gulistan, UzbekistanZarafshon JalilovBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanДилфуза МамуроваBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanMakhfuza OdilovaBukhara State Pedagogical Institute, Bukhara, UzbekistanKholboy KhasanovTermez State University, Termez, UzbekistanAbdulloh NishanovTashkent State University of Law, Tashkent, UzbekistanKomola KarimovaTashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanBobirhodja AxrarovTashkent State Technical University, Tashkent, UzbekistanShukur DjumaevCotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies Research Institute, Kashkadarya Research Station, Karshi, UzbekistanJamshid AbdullaevCotton Breeding, Seed Production and Agrotechnologies Research Institute, Kashkadarya Research Station, Karshi, UzbekistanMuhammetguly MuhammedovTurkmen State Institute of Economics and Management, Ashgabat, TurkmenistanNodira JumaniyazovaTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanZukhra IslamovaTashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, National Research University, Tashkent, UzbekistanAdkhamjon AkhrorovTashkent State University of Law, Tashkent, UzbekistanBotir KhaitovTashkent State Agrarian University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

2026en

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Litsenziya: cc-by-nc-nd

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ABI

Annotatsiya

Water scarcity and soil salinity pose significant challenges to agricultural productivity in Uzbekistan, while climate variability continues to negatively affect agroecosystem functionality. In this study, the AquaCrop model was used to evaluate sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L.), a drought- and salt-tolerant C4 crop, cultivated under varying irrigation regimes and soil salinity conditions. Field trials conducted during 2023–2024 were designed to evaluate sorghum performance under irrigation regimes of 70-75-70%, 65-70-65%, and 60-65-60%. These irrigation regimes applied without soil salinity leaching were designated as treatments T1, T2, and T3, while the same regimes combined with pre-season soil salinity leaching were assigned to treatments T4, T5, and T6. Results showed that the highest sorghum biomass production was recorded under T5, reaching up to 60.9 Mg ha −1 in 2023 and 59.77 Mg ha −1 in 2024. This hit followed by the high Field Capacity (Fc) 70-75-70% irrigation schedule (T4), showing decreases of 4.6% (58.21 Mg ha −1 ) in 2023 and 3.7% (57.64 Mg ha −1 ) in 2024. Sorghum produced substantially lower yields in the plots where salt was not leached. Under T1, sorghum biomass yields were 47.81 Mg ha −1 in 2023 and 48.83 Mg ha −1 in 2024, which were 27.4 and 22.4% lower, respectively, than the yields obtained under the same irrigation regime in the desalinized plots. Water productivity (WP) increased by 21.5–36.1% in desalinized plots compared with unleached plots, showing a rising trend under reduced irrigation treatments. Measured and simulated yields were closely aligned, with deviations ranging from 0.24 to 5.56%. The average deviation was 1.68% in 2023 and 2.03% in 2024, confirming the model’s reliability under saline environment. This case study demonstrates that integrating digital irrigation management and climate-resilient crop species in response to water scarcity and soil salinity in arid regions are highly recommended to enhance agricultural productivity and resource efficiency.

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DOI: 10.1007/s43621-026-04308-0

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