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Patterns of Bone Metastases in Cancer Patients Referred for Bone Scintigraphy in the Hail Region: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Amirah Fahad AlshammeriDepartment of Radiology , College of Medicine , University of Hail , 5211 , Saudi ArabiaAldanah Yahya AlkhaledBasmah Mousa AlharbiHajer Saleh AlshammariNoha Mousa AlharbiMedical Student ,Rahaf Hamed AlrashediShahad Abdulaziz AlafnanDepartment of Medicine and Surgery , College of Medicine , University of Hail , 5211 , Saudi ArabiaAbdulrahim Saud Alazmi,Abdullah Awad AlharbiDepartment of Radiology , Nuclear Medicine Unit , Saudi ArabiaBandar Matar AlselmiDepartment of Nuclear Medicine , King Khalid Hospital , Hail Health Cluster , Saudi ArabiaFahmida KhatoonDepartment of Biochemistry , College Of Medicine , University of Ha'il , Saudi Arabia

2026

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Litsenziya: cc-by

ABI

Annotatsiya

Bone metastases are a common complication of advanced malignancies. Data on their patterns in northern Saudi Arabia are scarce. Objective: To characterize the prevalence, anatomical distribution and scintigraphic image of bone metastases of cancer patients undergoing SPECT/CT bone scan in the Hail region. Methods: Retrospective evaluation of patients with solid tumors (adults) who received Tc-99m MDP whole-body SPECT/CT bone scintigraphy at King Khalid General Hospital between January 2020 and December 2024 (n = 222). Demographic, clinical and imaging data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test, while multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent associations with bone metastasis. Results: Breast cancer was the highest primary tumor (71.6%) followed by prostate (9.9%). Definite bone metastases were detected in 23.4% of the patients and 63.5% had no involvement of the skeleton. Among the patients with abnormal scans, multiple lesions (2-10) were the predominant pattern (24.8% of all patients), with the lumbar spine (70.0%), ribs (64.3%), thoracic spine (57.1%) and pelvis (57.1%) being the predominant sites of involvement. Suspected as benign uptake was recorded in 65.3% of patients mainly caused by degenerative changes. In multivariate analysis, age, gender and type of primary tumor and pathological fracture were not independent risk factors for bone metastasis. Conclusion: In this regional cohort population there was a predominance of metastatic bone tumors to the axial skeletal system with breast cancer and prostate cancer being the predominant tumor in group observed. Bone scintigraphy with SPECT/CT is a useful screening tool for potential whole-body diseases, however, the high rate of uptake classified as most likely benign makes it critical to provide careful clinical correlation and more specific use of other imaging modalities.

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Identifikatorlar

DOI: 10.47310/jpms2026150216

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