A Unified Fault Diagnosis Framework for Wave Energy Converters

The field of fault detection and isolation (FDI) applied to wave energy conversion systems represents a promising solution, able to significantly reduce the levelized cost of energy production. Notwithstanding, the current limited focus in the literature on specific technological applications precludes a systematic development. This fragmentation presents significant challenges for designers, who are forced to develop tailored diagnostic strategies on a case-by-case basis, in the absence of a general methodological framework for effective fault diagnosis. In this study, we propose a device-agnostic FDI procedure, specifically tailored to wave energy conversion systems, intended to serve as a reference framework for FDI applications, including the most widespread and technologically mature classes of wave energy devices. The proposed procedure is structured into three main stages. The first stage involves a structural analysis of the system to identify the fundamental properties of the corresponding residuals. The second stage focuses on identifying the equations governing the residuals in the presence of uncertainties. The third stage employs zonotopic Kalman filters (ZKFs) to evaluate the consistency of the residuals. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated through a numerical case study on the ISWEC device, under realistic wave excitation conditions, highlighting the potential of the proposed strategy to enhance fault diagnosis capabilities in wave energy systems.

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