The influence of the application of biopreparations on the biological activity of the soil and the yield of cotton on irrigated meadow-alluvial soils

This study investigated the effects of three biological preparations Baikal EM-1, Microgrowth stimulator, and Trichodermin on soil microbial activity, plant biochemical responses, and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cv. “Bukhara-10” productivity under irrigated meadow-alluvial conditions in Bukhara region. All tested preparations enhanced soil microbial populations in the top 0–15 cm layer, with ammonifying bacteria increasing by 23–30%, actinomycetes by 134–147%, and cellulose-degrading microorganisms by 44–69% compared to the untreated control. Humus content improved by 11.5–12.7%, and the availability of phosphorus and potassium also increased, reflecting enhanced nutrient cycling. Biochemical analyses of 12-day-old seedlings showed that antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly stimulated: superoxide dismutase (SOD) increased by 5–13%, catalase (CAT) by 17–37%, and peroxidase (POD) by 17–35%, while proline accumulation rose by 10–31%, indicating strengthened osmoprotection and stress tolerance. Among the preparations, Microgrowth stimulator exhibited the most pronounced effects across soil, biochemical, and growth parameters, leading to improved early seedling development, fiber elongation, and quality. Consequently, field experiments revealed yield increases ranging from 8.4% to 10.1% compared to the control. These findings highlight the potential of microbial consortia-based biopreparations as an eco-friendly strategy to improve soil fertility, enhance plant physiological resilience, and increase cotton productivity under saline irrigated conditions. Integration of such treatments into sustainable cotton production systems could contribute to reducing dependency on chemical fertilizers while maintaining high yield and fiber quality.

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