NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL AND NEUROIMMUNE PROFILING OF CHRONIC HEADACHE DISORDERS

Abstract: Chronic headache disorders particularly chronic migraine and chronic tension-type headache — are emerging as a major neurological burden due to their persistent course and complex, multifactorial pathophysiology. Based on a cohort of 315 patients, the present study examines the integrated neurophysiological and neuroimmunological mechanisms underlying these conditions. Comprehensive assessment included EEG-based functional markers, heart rate variability (HRV) indices, and cytokine profiling (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10). The results revealed a distinct pattern of EEG dysregulation and heightened pro-inflammatory cytokine activity in chronic migraine, indicating pronounced central sensitization alongside immune imbalance. These findings support the model in which sustained nociceptive input and neuroimmune activation jointly maintain chronicity. Implementation of individualized, multimodal treatment strategies aligned with each patient’s neurobiological and psychophysiological characteristics led to marked reductions in headache frequency and meaningful improvements in overall quality of life.

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