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Development of sustainable natural waste-reinforced epoxy composites for potential building applications

Falak O. AbasCollege of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, IraqRaghad U. AbassIraq University CollegeAlavudeen Azeez BatchaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil-626126, Srivilliputhur, Tamilnadu, IndiaMohammed Ausama Al-SarrafCollege of Materials Engineering, University of Technology-Iraq, IraqDandi BachtiarDepartment of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala (USK), Kopelma Darussalam, Banda Aceh 23111, IndonesiaJanuar Parlaungan SiregarAutomotive Engineering Center (AEC), Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pahang, MalaysiaTezara CionitaFaculty of Engineering, Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, Selangor 47810, MalaysiaSivasubramanian PalanisamyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati-517102, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaKhushnud AzizjanovDepartment of Natural Sciences, Ma'mun University, Khiva, UzbekistanKarthikayan SundararajanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati-517102, Andhra Pradesh, IndiaAravindhan AlagarsamyCenter for Excellence Flexible Electronics, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522501, IndiaMezigebu BelayDepartment of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Ethiopian Defence University, Bishoftu, 1041, Ethiopia

2026en

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), and PR/EP10 achieved the highest sound insulation (96.05 dB). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results supported these findings, revealing that the fracture surfaces of NR/EP composites (particularly NR/EP5 and NR/EP10) exhibited high homogeneity and strong matrix-fiber bonding with reduced gaps, compared to the pure EP matrix, which displayed smooth and brittle fracture surfaces, and PR/EP composites, which exhibited some agglomeration and irregularity at high addition ratios (PR/EP10). These results confirm that improved microstructure is directly related to enhanced mechanical and thermal performance, thus enhancing the suitability of these composites for use in multifunctional, sustainable building materials.

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DOI: 10.1039/d6ra02000c

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