Immunological and Lipid Profile Characteristics in Patients with Bronchial Asthma According to Gln27glu Polymorphism of the Β₂-Adrenergic Receptor Gene and Obesity Phenotypes

Objective : to evaluate the impact of Gln27Glu polymorphism in the β₂-adrenergic receptor gene on immune status parameters and lipid metabolism in patients with asthma stratified by obesity phenotype. Materials and methods . The study included 156 Uzbek patients with bronchial asthma (BA) aged 18-65 years. Group 1 comprised patients with obesity ( n = 71), Group 2 included patients without obesity ( n = 85). The control group consisted of 47 healthy individuals. Genotyping of the Gln27Glu polymorphism in the β₂-adrenergic receptor gene was performed. Serum levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) were measured, along with the lipid profile parameters, including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and the atherogenic index. Results : Patients with BA exhibited a shift in the immune response toward a Th2 phenotype: IgE and interleukin-4 levels were significantly increased, while IFN-γ was decreased compared to the control group ( p < 0.01). The most pronounced alterations were observed in Group 1, particularly in patients carrying the Gln27Gln genotype, who exhibited the highest levels of IgE and IL-4, reduced IFN-γ levels, and atherogenic lipid profile abnormalities. In the absence of obesity (Group 2), the Gln27Gln polymorphism was not associated with significant differences in immunological or lipid parameters among the genotypes, suggesting that the effect of this genetic variant is primarily manifested in the presence of obesity.

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