Literature Review on Screen Reader Application in Enhancing Digital Accessibility for People with Visual Impairment

A screen reader is an essential assistive technology that aids individuals with visual impairment in accessing digital information independently. This study examines the roles and benefits of screen readers, as well as the challenges of using them. It employed a systematic literature review method, with three stages: selection, analysis, and categorization of research articles. The findings suggest that a variety of applications, such as JAWS, NVDA, and Voice Over, are commonly used in online learning, on websites, and in professional programming. Screen readers have been reported to enhance learning independence and digital involvement among people with visual impairments. However, their roles rely heavily on content accessibility, which is measured by the availability of alternative text, an easily navigable interface, and a developer's commitment to inclusive design. User involvement is essential during the application design phase, along with the developer's commitment to creating an accessible system. Besides, the development of integrated digital systems and materials should adopt a user-centered approach, with consideration for screen reader users. In the end, this study emphasizes the importance of screen readers in realizing equal access for people with visual impairment. The investigation reveals multiple areas that require attention, particularly issues such as a confusing content structure, a lack of alternative text labels for visual media, and unnecessarily complicated navigation. To address these concerns effectively, it is crucial that the development of integrated digital systems and materials is guided by user needs. This means incorporating the specific requirements of screen reader users right from the initial design phase, ensuring accessibility and ease of use for all individuals.

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