Electoral Democracy and the Political Rights of Former Prisoners: A Comparative Study of Election Arrangements in Indonesia and Uzbekistan

Restricting political rights for former convicts isessentially a global phenomenon aimed at ensuring that politicalleaders in the executive and legislative branches are electedindividuals free from negative stigma. This research aims toanalyze aspects of electoral democracy and political rights forformer prisoners to run in general election contests by conductinga legal comparison between Indonesia and Uzbekistan. Thisresearch is normative legal research with a conceptual, legislative, and comparative legal approach. The research findings confirmthat restricting the passive political rights of former convicts fromparticipating in general elections is an important implementationaimed at safeguarding the integrity and morality of the democraticsystem while also ensuring citizen participation. The regulatoryrestrictions in Indonesia and Uzbekistan are based on theprinciples of justice, legal certainty, and proportionality, considering legal and sociological perspectives and ensuringhuman rights. A comparison of the legal approaches between thetwo countries reveals a balance between protecting individual rights and collective interests, with Indonesia prioritizing the roleof constitutional judicial institutions and Uzbekistan emphasizingadministrative legal certainty. This study confirms the importanceof harmonization between human rights and the enforcement ofquality and integrity-based democracy

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